THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Pollution is harmful alteration of the natural state of half
following the introduction of an agent oblivious to that environment
(pollutant), causing instability, disorder, harm or discomfort in an ecosystem,
in a physical environment or in a living The contaminant may be a chemical,
energy (as sound, heat, or light), or even genes. Sometimes the
contaminant is a foreign substance, or a form of energy, and sometimes a
natural substance. Is always a negative alteration of the natural state of
the medium, and usually is generated as a result of human activity is
considered an environmental impact.
Pollution can be classified according to type of source is given, or the
shape of pollutant emitted or medium pollution. There are many pollutants
including chemicals (like pesticides, cyanide, herbicides and others.),
Municipal waste, oil, or ionizing radiation. All these may cause illness,
damage to ecosystems or the environment. There are also many gaseous
pollutants play an important role in various atmospheric phenomena, such as the
generation of acid rain, the weakening of the ozone layer, global warming and
overall climate change. ( http://es.wikipedia
.org / wiki /% C3% B3n contamination )
TYPES OF POLLUTION:
Air pollution
Involves the release of chemicals and particles in the atmosphere by
altering its composition and pose a risk to the health of people and other
living things. Gases common air pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and by
the combustion gases produced in the vehicle. The photochemical ozone and
smog in the air are increased by nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to
sunlight. Particulate matter or dust in the air pollution is measured by
its size in microns, and is common in volcanic eruptions. Air pollution
can have a local character, when the effects linked to the emission source
affecting only the immediate vicinity thereof, or global, where the
characteristics of the contaminant affecting the balance of the planet and very
remote areas to the emission sources, examples of this are acid rain and global
warming. ( http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%
C3% B3n )
Water pollution
It is taken for the release of waste and pollutants that drain runoff
and then transported into rivers, groundwater entering or discharging into
lakes or seas. For spills or wastewater discharges, eutrophication and
waste discharge. Or uncontrolled release of greenhouse gas
CO 2 that leads to acidification of the oceans. Marine debris is
mostly plastic waste that pollute the oceans and coasts, sometimes accumulate
on the high seas and in the great Pacific garbage patch north. Oil spills
at sea by sinking or oil leaks and sometimes it spills from the oil well. ( http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%
C3% B3n )
Pollution by Garbage
Large amounts of waste and garbage are an ever-increasing problem and is
caused by large crowds of people in industrialized cities or are in the process
of urbanization. The garbage is accumulated mostly in landfills, but it is
often driven by the wind or rivers and scattered over the surface of the earth
and sometimes reaches the ocean.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
It is currently handling the following in respect to pollution in
Colombia, information that shows how alarming the situation we are living
in the moment for our country:
Statistics for the destruction of the environment in Colombia:
·
16% of our land and is infertile.
·
80% of the Andean region is completely eroded.
·
At the time, the Caribbean region, Meta, Arauca and
Vichada are the areas hardest hit by the pollution in the country
POLLUTION OF RIVERS IN COLOMBIA:
The rivers are the ones who supply us with water and life, but we are
doing everything possible to destroy them, as we have a serious negative impact
to our ecosystem.
Among the major problems facing our rivers are: solid waste, pesticides,
fertilizers, oil and chemicals.
ACTIONS TAKEN AGAINST COLOMBIA GLOBAL WARMING
Colombia has been issuing since 1974 laws that will help mitigate
environmental problems, has participated in various conferences, conventions
and other treaties, has developed several programs that let you work on a par
with the community. An example is the program that is currently running
"family program Ranger" and the various forest management plans.
The 1998-2002 National Development Plan incorporates "The
environmental group project to build peace" and defines water as a
priority and linchpin of
environmental policy. It identifies seven priority programs: water,
biodiversity,
forests, urban life quality, cleaner production, green marketing and
sustainability of the endogenous production processes. Register a continuity
in relation to environmental policy of the two previous periods, as well
as continuities with the national policies of the seventies and eighties as
typified
in the case of forests.
global rather than a fashion item'')
ACTIONS TAKEN IN THE WORLD FOR POLLUTION
POLLUTION CONTROL
The term pollution control is used in environmental management. And
it means control of emissions and effluents that are released to air,
water and soil. Without pollution control, waste consumption, heat,
agriculture, mining, industry, transport and other activities of man, degrade
and degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of
controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization is preferable
that the control of pollution itself.
The techniques and practices used to reduce or eliminate emissions depend on the pollutant you want to attack.
The techniques and practices used to reduce or eliminate emissions depend on the pollutant you want to attack.
Education from an initial level of contamination consequences and ways
to avoid it. Help raise awareness for generations on environmental issues,
as these would lead generation become adults.
Since the first proposals that were made about the need for
joint international action to protect the environment, many developing
countries expressed concern that environmental protection measures could slow
economic growth and industrial needs which needed population. He saw that
industrialization had solved the needs of the population of developed countries
and now these could afford to express their environmental concerns while they
could still underdeveloped. Thus the introduction of environmental
protection legislation in some developed countries in the early 70 represented
an advantage for some developing countries, as new chemical industrial plants were
established in those developing countries that had a more permissive
legislation that represented a lower spending on pollution control
equipment. Accidents such as Bhopal, in India , where
in December 1984 killed 18,000 people in a leak in a plant methyl isocyanate showed
the need
KYOTO PROTOCOL
Since the first proposals that were made about the need for
joint international action to protect the environment, many developing
countries expressed concern that environmental protection measures could slow
economic growth and industrial needs which needed population. He saw that
industrialization had solved the needs of the population of developed countries
and now these could afford to express their environmental concerns while they
could still underdeveloped. Thus the introduction of environmental
protection legislation in some developed countries in the early 70 represented
an advantage for some developing countries, as new chemical industrial plants
were established in those developing countries that had a more permissive
legislation that represented a lower spending on pollution control
equipment. Accidents such as Bhopal, in India, where
in December 1984 killed 18,000 people in a leak in a
plant methyl isocyanate showed the need
Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol is a treaty for international
cooperation to protect the atmospheric ozone layer by phasing in the world of
substance use (such as CFCs ) that cause the reduction of the ozone
layer. In April 2011, 197 countries had ratified the protocol. It is
estimated that if all countries meet the objectives proposed in the treaty, the
ozone layer might recover 2050.Una recent year (2006) scientific assessment on
the effect of the Treaty of Montreal says it is still useful: "There is
clear evidence in the atmosphere of the decrease in the burden of
ozone-depleting substances and some early signs of recovery in the ozone
layer.”
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